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Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening                          - Robert Frost   Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound's the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.

Encryption has become a part and parcel of our lives and we have accepted the fact that data is going to encrypted and decrypted at various stages. However, there is not a single encryption algorithm followed everywhere. There are a number of algorithms existing, and I feel there is a need to understand how they work.  So this text explains a number of popular encryption algorithms and makes you look at them as mathematical formulas. Data Encryption Standard or DES The U.S government in 1977 adopted the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm. According to it’s developer the DES algorithm is: “ It is a block cipher system which transforms 64-bit data blocks under a 56-bit secret key under a 56-bit secret key, by means of permutation and substitution.” Now, this tutorial will guide you through the various steps of the DES encryption algorithm making you more confident in dealing with DES encryption. The following is a step by step guide to the DES algorithm, whic